
William P. Gottlieb's photograph of McKinley at the Hotel Commodore, New York, c. April 1946
“Beat Me Daddy, Eight to the Bar” is a boogie-woogie song written in 1940 by Don Raye, who credited Ray McKinley, a really cool drummer, with the idea. Ray used Hipster Slang to tell pianist Freddie Slack, nicknamed “Daddy”, to start a boogie beat by saying, “Beat me Daddy, Eight to the bar.” (Thanks Wikipedia) I had the good fortune to play Ragtime and Boogie-woogie with Jo Ann Castle when she played a show in Lubbock, Texas around 1969. It was pure fun and she did beat me eight to the bar.
Get back on the subject! OK. I don’t know anything about printing, but I can imagine it involved creating music to fit movable bars of type, hence the bar line. Why else would we have a bar line? So, the first Time, or Meter symbol must have been the letter C, for Common Time, or 4/4 as we write it today. It was probably called common time because the divisions of one Whole Note fit one bar of movable type. I don’t have proof, just speculation.
Let’s revisit our Monks and their various activities… The Strathspey Dance Monks liked Common Time because it had a strong down beat at the beginning of each measure. “Perfect, “they agreed. “Oh no!” said the Reel Dance Monks. “We need a Down Beat and an Up Beat for our faster music.” What to do?
The Monks formed committees, had meetings and agreed on a compromise. Cut Common Time in half to create a feel of 2 beats per bar. Nothing changes but the feel. There are still eight 8th notes in Common Time and Cut Time. One whole note still fits one bar. Count out loud the following to a steady beat: 1 2 3 4 / 1 & 2 & / The only thing that changes is the way you say it. Notice, Cut Time is not Double Time. Double Time is another blog.
In 1957, Dwight Tomb, Percussion Instructor for the McMurray College summer band camp in Abilene, Texas, had us write a 32 measure 2/4 rudimental drum solo. While studying 2/4 solos, I discovered by copying measures written in 2/4, I could connect the bars together like beads! Eureka! Each measure would be correct. However, When Mr. Tomb played it, I realized it didn’t make musical sense, but the note divisions were correct.
Get a box of dominoes and experiment. Cut out the numbered measures on the attachments and tape them on dominoes to simulate bars of movable print. Mix the Common Time and Cut Time notes down as you would to play dominoes. Draw eight dominoes and put them in any order to get a sense of how typesetting worked. Set a metronome at 100 beats per minute. Count and play out loud the bars you drew. Move them around to try to make musical sense. I’ve used rhythm on dominoes for years as an effective teaching aid.
Here are visuals for Common Time and Cut Time.
Cheers,
Roy
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